CHARACTERISTICS
Meat and bone meal is the most accessible raw material of animal origin in the production of animal feed.
With the help of good quality meat and bone meal (grades 1, 2 and 3), a balance of essential amino acids in the feed, except for methionine and cystine, is achieved. Properly prepared and with a low content of scleroproteins, protein digestibility is 85-90%.
It is a good source of macroelements: calcium contains 6.5-11.6%, phosphorus 3.3-5.9%, sodium 1.5-1.6%, with an average of 4.2% available phosphorus (in fish flour - 2.5%). It has a number of useful biologically active substances and unidentified factors.
Good-quality meat and bone meal should have an acid value of fat of no more than 25 mgKOH /g, and a peroxide value of fat of no more than 0.5% J (42 mmol/kg). The receipt of meat and bone meal at feed mills with unsatisfactory indicators of its fat fraction indicates either its improper production (overheating) or poor conditions for its accumulation, storage and transportation. Overheating of meat and bone meal is especially dangerous, during which intensive decomposition of fat can occur with the formation of unsaturated toxic aldehyde acrolin . And aldehydes, due to the presence of a carbonyl group and a mobile hydrogen atom, are among the most reactive organic compounds.
Meat and bone meal is a good source of vitamins B1, especially: riboflavin, choline, nicotinic acid, cobalamin.
It contains some unidentified extractive beneficial factors such as intestinal growth factor from the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, Ackermann factor, growth factor present in the ash.
Some compounds that play an important role in metabolism pass into meat and bone meal along with muscle tissue. These are: adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP ), creatine (in the form of creatine phosphate ), glutamine and glutamic acid.
Free glutamic acid contained in muscle tissue is a carrier of the H 2 group. If it is deficient, growth depression may occur in chickens whose diet is supplemented with synthetic amino acids.
Other substances that stimulate growth and regulate metabolic processes: bile acids, carnitine, pigments, serotonin, somatropic hormone, glucocorticoid hormones, thyroxine and some others enter meat and bone meal along with: the pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, ovaries, testes, gastric mucosa, spinal and the brain
abomasum of ruminant animals, parenchymal organs (lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver).
Daily addition of meat and bone meal to animal feed will allow:
increase productivity,
enrich the feed with proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and increase their nutritional value,
normalization of metabolism,
reduce feed costs.
Depending on the content of protein, fat and mineral salts, meat and bone meal is divided into three grades, the rest of its types are produced of the same grade. Data characterizing the chemical composition, the presence of impurities and pathogenic microorganisms are given in the table.
Quality indicators of meat and bone meal:
|
Index |
Meat and bone meal |
||
|
I |
II |
III |
|
|
Mass fraction, %: |
|
|
|
|
moisture, no more |
9 |
10 |
10 |
|
protein, no less |
50 |
42 |
thirty |
|
fat, no more |
13 |
18 |
20 |
|
ash, no more |
26 |
28 |
38 |
|
fiber, no more |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
antioxidants, no more |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
Content of foreign impurities: metallomagnetic, up to 2 mm in size, g/t |
150 |
200 |
200 |
|
mineral, insoluble in hydrochloric acid,%, no more |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
Presence of pathogenic microorganisms |
Not allowed |
||
|
General toxicity |
Not allowed |
||
Compound:
Squirrels
Fats
Amino acids
including irreplaceable:
Macronutrients:
Microelements:
Vitamins:
